The Islamic cemetery of Shahsavar in Izeh is one of the most significant burial sites in northern Khuzestan. With a total of 632 tombstones and a remarkable diversity of forms and decorative motifs, it reflects the religious beliefs, social structure, and visual culture of the Bakhtiari tribes during the late Islamic period. This study adopts a fundamental historical approach and is based on both library research and systematic fieldwork. Using a hypothetical–deductive methodology, the typological classification, description, and analysis of tombstone motifs are interpreted within the theoretical frameworks of ethnoarchaeology, symbolic analysis, and historical interpretation. The findings reveal an unprecedented variety of Islamic tombstone types in the Shahsavar cemetery, including lion-shaped stones, stepped crenellated forms, mihrab-shaped slabs, and anthropomorphic tombstones, each bearing distinct symbolic and social meanings. The carved motifs can be classified into five main categories: human, animal, vegetal, weapons, and objects. Statistical analysis indicates that military implements from the Qajar period constitute the most frequent motifs. This prevalence reflects not only the continuation of Bakhtiari martial traditions but also the influence of nationalist discourse and a revival of ancient Iranian heroic concepts during the Qajar era. Animal motifs such as lions, ibexes, and horses convey mythological meanings, power symbolism, and ethnic identity. Human motifs, often rendered in an abstract manner, represent occupational roles and social status. A notable example is the “Mirza” motif, identified in only two cases, which signifies the elevated cultural and educational status of schoolmasters and Qur’an or Shahnameh reciters within Bakhtiari society. Additionally, motifs related to carpet weaving, combs, and shoes function as indicators of gender and profession. The study concludes that the Shahsavar tombstones, beyond their ritual and religious functions, embody complex identity-based, social, and cultural narratives, offering valuable insight into the interaction between Iranian and Islamic traditions in the late historical period.